Key Terms--Integrated System

robot: computer controlled machines designed to perform specific tasks
android: an automaton that resembles a human being
cyborg: a cyber organism: a living organism with biological and machine components
sensors: A device that enables digital machines to monitor a physical quantity of the analog world, such as temperature, humidity, or pressure, to provide data used in robotics, environmental climate control, and other applications
AI: The field of computer science devoted to making computers perceive, reason, and act in ways that have, until now, been reserved for human beings.
Turing test: a way to test machine intelligence
parallel processing: using multiple processors to divide jobs into pieces and work on the pieces simultaneously
machine learning: Artificial intelligence techniques that make it possible for machine performance to improve based on feedback from past performance.
natural language: language that people speak and write each day
common-sense knowledge: the collection of facts and information that a person is expected to know
agent: Software programs that can ask questions, respond to commands, pay attention to users’ work patterns, serve as a guide and a coach, take on owners’ goals, and use reasoning to fabricate their own goals.
pattern recognition: identifying recurring patterns in input data with the goal of understanding or categorizing that input
expert system: Information systems or software programs designed to replicate the decision-making process of a human expert.
knowledge base: a database that contains both facts and a system of rules for determining and changing the relationship among those facts
inference engine: a computer program that tries to derive answers from a knowledge base
heuristics: a rule of thumb
fuzzy logic: A type of logic that allows conclusions to be stated as probabilities rather than certainties
knowledge engineer: an engineer who obtains knowledge from human experts and organizes it into a knowledge bas for an expert system
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